Electric charge

In the field of physics, electric charge is a property of matter that is responsible for producing electrostatic interactions. Matter is made up of atoms that in turn are made up of electrons that have a negative electrical charge and protons that have a positive electrical charge . The protons are in the nucleus of the atom and the electrons in the crust revolving around the nucleus.

Properties of electric charge

Electric charges have the following properties:

• It is a quantized quantity , which means that any field is always a multiple of the value of “e” .
• There are three types of charges , positive (when there are fewer electrons than protons ), negative (when there are more electrons than protons) and neutral (when there are equal numbers of protons and electrons). Like charges are rejected and different charges are attracted .
• The attractive or repulsive force between charges varies with the inverse square of their separation distance.
• Electric charges are neither created nor destroyed because their value is constant .
• The charges that allow movement across the surface of certain bodies are called conductors and those that do not allow it are known as insulators .

Symbol

The symbol for electric charge is “e” and its formula is: e = 1,602.10 ^-19 coulombs

Units

The unit of electric charge is the coulomb , symbolized by the letter C according to the International System of Units.

C is equal to the amount of charge it exerts on another charge equal to the distance of one meter.

Types of electrical charge

There are several types of electrical charges: positive, negative, inductive, resistive, capacitive, and combined.

• The positive electrical charges are those that have greater load protons and electrons or a whole has positive polarity.
• The negative electric charges are those with higher load electron or proton as a whole has negative polarity.
• The electrical charges Resistive are those that can resist the flow of electricity dissipating certain amount of this energy as heat.
• The electrical inductive loads are those with a type of conductive material to be in contact with electric current generates a magnetic field around it.
• The electrical charges capacitoras have a capacitor that can store energy and a non – conductive insulating the two conductive surfaces. This causes that when the capacitor makes contact with the electrical energy, the electrons of the current accumulate around the plate attached to the terminal, where the electrical current is applied.
• The electrical charges combined are those that could combine capacitors, inductors and resistors to perform specific functions.

Electron electric charge

The electric charge of the electron is negative . This is represented by the symbol “e.

Of the proton

The electric charge of the proton is positive . This is represented by the following formula 1 (1,602 x 10 ^-19 coulombs).

Of the atom

The electric charge of the atom can be positive, negative or neutral . Everything will depend on the number of protons or electrons it has . If the number of protons are more than the electrons, the atom will have a positive charge; if the number of electrons are more than the protons, the charge of the atom will be negative; but if the number of electrons and protons is the same, the charge will be neutral.

 The neutron is the nucleus of an atom and has no electrical charge. It is made up of three charged particles called quarks, whose charges add up to zero.

Quantization

It does not manifest itself in any quantity, but in multiples of integers of a grounded unit that is the electric charge of an electron.

In this sense, the quantization of the electric charge occurs when whole amounts of electric charge are transferred in an electrification process , multiples of the elemental charge and electric charge.

The quantization of the electric charge is calculated with the formula Q = N * e

Examples

Here are some examples of electrical charge:

• If you rub a balloon with your hair and then move closer to the wall, the balloon will remain stuck to it, due to the electrical force of attraction between the wall and the balloon.
• The friction of the clouds and with the air causes the clouds to become charged with electricity and then to produce electric discharges in the air.
• After combing it is possible to lift small pieces of paper with the comb. This happens because the comb is charged by the electrons of the hair that are negative and then they attract the charges of the paper and therefore adhere to the comb.
• By rubbing a plastic spoon with a flannel , the spoon acquires a negative charge. If we then bring the spoon closer to a jet of water, the water fall will be deflected because the negative charge of the water and the spoon are rejected.