Dicotyledons

In biology , there is a sub-specialty that is botany , which is in charge of clearly studying plants, their function, their life cycle, their natural properties and their pharmaceutical use. The dicots are plants with features that can be identified with the naked eye or using a microscope. They represent 200,000 of the 25,000 flowering plants or angiosperms known worldwide.

Dicotyledonous characteristics

• Dicots have reticulated venules or canaliculi on their leaves and petiole (portion that connects the stem to the leaf blade).
• They have tetrameric or pentameric flowers . That is, with four or five distinguishable petals.
• The inner structure of the stem is widely vascularized and is distributed in a central cylinder. That is, the phloem and xylem are organized to form a eustela or ring.
• They have a main root from which secondary roots emerge, that is, they have pivoting or axial roots in a root system.
• At first glance, we can differentiate the calyx and the corolla in the flowers .
• The pollen of dicotyledonous plants are characterized by having three grooves or pores.
• The leaves have a variety of forms, are so generally , lamellar , angled .
• The stem grows in thickness from modifications or vascular cambium forming firewood or wood. This growth favors the formation of the bark in some plants.

Lifecycle

Germination

Its cycle begins when its seeds germinate, the seed coat is penetrated by the root, then both embryonic leaves, the cotyledons , hence the etiology of its name. The first true leaves of the plant are lined and protected by the cotyledons as they move through the soil, these in turn provide nutrients for growth.

Growth

As the cotyledon grows, it is capable of producing woody tissue, not all are capable of producing woody stems.

Reproduction

The male structures are capable of producing pollen and these in turn land on the structures of the female flowers and form a seed once the egg inside is fertilized . Once the embryo has developed , the formation of two leaves of the seed will begin, unlike the monocots that form only one leaf.

Dicotyledonous flowers

The flowers of dicotyledons are made up of four whorls and from each of these sprout between 4 and 5 pieces. This is easily observable in the following plants:

• Lotus flower
• Roses
• Carnations
• Violets
• Poppies
• Daisies
• Dandelion

Fruits

• Tomatoes
• Apple
• Orange
• Bananas

Seeds

The seeds of dicots are made up of two cotyledons , some examples are the following:

• Tobacco
• Tomatoes
• Cinnamon
• Apple tree
• Orange tree
• Water lily
• China rose
• Peanut
• Bean
• Seibó

Estate

The roots of this type of plant develop thanks to the radicle . Some examples of roots are:

• Tabular roots (Supportive).
• Tuberous roots (Nutrient reserve).
• Respiratory roots or Pneumatophores (Respiratory).
• Aerial roots (of moisture absorption).
• Haustorial roots (Parasitic).

How they differ from Monocots

In the embryo in the formation of the petiole, there are leaves that are known as cotyledons. In dicotyledonous plants , two or more cotyledons develop and proliferate, and in monocots only one develops .

Monocots can be found herbaceous plants, trees or shrubs.

Examples of Dicotyledonous Plants

• Rosebush.
• Tomatoes.
• Amazonian victory.
• Avocado.
• Cotton.
• Eucalyptus tree.
• Cactus.
• Guava.
• Apple tree.
• Orange tree.
• Papaya.
• Pear tree.