Nicolas Avellaneda

Nicolás Avellaneda was one of the presidents of Argentina during the 19th century who stood out mainly for his conciliatory work among the fractions of his country. A president who has been considered one of the main protagonists in the creation and formation of present-day Argentina, as well as having been a great intellectual full of talent and sensitivity.

What did

Nicolás Avellaneda was a president who managed to establish a series of very important measures and decisions through which the Argentina of today could be formed . A president who managed to significantly boost education , who opened the country’s borders and who managed to improve public finances with an austerity plan , while improving the country’s private economic activity .

Biography of Nicolás Avellaneda

He was born on October 3, 1837 in San Miguel de Tucumán . With only four years he had to face the loss of his father who was assassinated by orders of Federal General Manuel Oribe, after this tragic experience, he had to face his pain. He worked as a journalist for the newspaper El Comercio del Plata, worked as an economics professor at the University of Buenos Aires and also published a book called ” Study on Land Laws “, an essay which was based on the property rights of rural properties.

Death

He was diagnosed with Bright’s disease and it affected his kidneys. He suffered from nephritis and decided to travel to France in search of treatment, however, the doctors did not give him a good diagnosis so he decided to return to his country. However, as he moved in boat to his homeland died , one day 25 November 1885 , while traveling with his wife. His remains are located in the Recoleta Cemetery .

Political career

His political career began in 1859 when he was elected as a deputy for the province of Buenos Aires. Later, during the presidency of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento , he worked as Minister of Justice , Worship and Public Instruction . Thanks to him, it was possible to create several educational projects in Sarmiento creating several primary and normal schools. By 1873, he began to plan his presidential career and officially launched his candidacy in Córdoba, a place where he got a lot of support.

Presidency

Nicolás Avellaneda was the electro president of the Republic of Argentina in 1874 , on April 14 , in the midst of quite tense and complicated elections. As president, he wanted to continue with three important goals that had been set by his predecessors, the nation , the constitution, and freedom . He was the first president who did not belong to the armed forces and opposed autonomist aspirations .

He assumed the presidency on October 12, 1874 when he was 37 years old . He took care of all the secondary effects that the economic crisis of the Sarmiento presidency had caused , took extreme measures to reduce the budget , lowered salaries and made several public dismissals. He made purchases abroad significantly restricted, thus stimulating the development of the local industry .

During his presidency, he managed to make the country recover economically by promoting the railroad network , a situation that turned out to be fundamental for the Argentine territory to be integrated again. He created a policy of austerity and got the economy will recover significantly.

Avellaneda Law

The Avellaneda Law was promulgated in mid- 1885 and was also known as the Statutes of the National Universities . Through this law, it was possible to establish all the bases on which the universities should dictate the statutes which should be submitted to the Executive Power . It was agreed that universities could exclusively issue professional diplomas by creating a series of government bodies regulating their form of election and defining their basic functions at the same time .

What did Nicolás Avellaneda study

His primary and secondary studies took them in Argentina, as a teenager he entered the law school in Córdoba , where he failed to graduate as a lawyer .

Ideology

His ideology was based primarily on three goals: the nation , the constitution, and freedom . He had in mind the power to unite all the provinces of his country to form a common state . He thought that rights were also important to be able to establish relationships between people and at the same time limit the powers of the State , establishing freedom as one of the basic principles based on liberalism .

Contributions

Among the main contributions made by Nicolás Avellaneda the following are mentioned:

• He promoted the campaign known as ” desert ” in order to extend the border line to the south in the province of Buenos Aires.
• He drew up the Alsina Plan in order to build the towns and forts.
• It considerably extended the telegraph lines .
• He got the Immigration Law passed.
• The general amnesty law was created by which political opponents were allowed to return to the country.
• He signed the final peace with Paraguay which managed to end the war of the Triple Alliance .
• He carried out the Conquest of the Desert whose objective was to be able to obtain total control over the lands of Argentina.

Physical characteristics

There is no recorded physical description of Nicolás Avellaneda, however, in his photos, it is possible to observe a man with a thin frame , with black hair and prominent recesses on his front. He wore a long beard and mustache .

Personality

Nicolás Avellaneda had a personality that was characterized by being intelligent , he was a very agile , mature man , he had a revengeful spirit and even resentful . His way of being was also loyal , magnanimous , tolerant and he was very respectful to all those around him including his opponents.

Parents

His father was Marco Avellaneda, a journalist and politician who was beheaded by a lieutenant in the city of Rosas. His mother, Dolores Silva and Zavaleta .

Relations

He married Carmen Nóbrega in 1861, who came from a wealthy family.

Sons

With his wife, Carmen Nóbrega, he had a total of twelve children: María Dolores, María del Carmen, Juliana, Nicolás Fermín, Marco Manuel, Nicolás, María Victoria, María Mercedes, María del Pilar, Alejandrina, Eduardo, Manuel Víctor, Martín Juan .

Importance of Nicolás Avellaneda

Nicolás Avellaneda was an important president for his efforts to promote the immigration , for improving the quality of public universities and federalized Buenos Aires . He was a man who managed to face the great economic crisis that had remained as a result of the Sarmiento presidency, he managed to stimulate the development of the local industry a little and managed to strengthen and improve various fields of the industry.

Acknowledgments

There are no great recognitions as president, only there are data from the Recognition to Nicolás Avellaneda , Lanús goalkeeper . However, thanks to his work and knowledge he was appointed as rector at the University of Buenos Aires and also as a senator for the province of Tucumán.

Phrases

Some of his most recognized phrases are mentioned below:

• When I hear that a man has the habit of reading , I am predisposed to think highly of him.
• The peoples that forget their history are ready to repeat it .
• You only learn to think while thinking , to work while working, and to be free by using freedom .
• There is nothing in the nation that is superior to the nation itself .
• We will honor the foreign debt over the hunger and thirst of the people.

Curiosities

Some of the curiosities of Nicolás Avellaneda were the following:

• All his speeches contained a poetic air and he was quite intellectual .
• He was known by the nickname ” chingolito ” due to his short stature.
• In the Casa Rosada museum in Argentina , there is a portrait of Nicolás Avellaneda in which the president’s powdered beard was used to paint it.
• Many people say that when you pass by this work, a ticking sound is heard , so most people avoid passing next to the painting.