Mitosis
The mitosis is one of the processes most relevant cell division, this occurs countless times in the basic studies as it explains much that is our environment, instead of meiosis, this is divided into two cells with the same genetic makeup, their same qualities, characteristics and their same number of chromosomes.
What is mitosis?
Unlike meiosis, although it is also a highly relevant type of cell division, its process is different , it forms two daughter cells, both with the same number of chromosomes as the primary cell, that is, the one that created them; This process occurs in somatic cells , no matter what type they have, they can be diploid and haploid. Some cells in organisms do not carry out this process of cell division, however, the cells that most practice this procedure of procreating two cells identical to the mother are embryonic cells, developmental cells, also calledcells of growth and some cells that are subject to tissues of progressive wear.
- History
- Characteristics of mitosis
- Function
- Phases of mitosis
- Explanation of the process
- In what type of cells does mitosis occur
- Importance
History
This process of cell division was proposed and described for the first time by a German botanist named Wilhelm Hofmeister in the year 1848, when he was studying embryonic development in what were higher plants, however, although this was a great step , the discovery of mitosis in its maximum expression is attributed to Walther Flemmin, who between the years 1879 and 1882 carried out a visualization investigation, in which he was able to witness the division between cells and precisely described how it was they retorted.
Characteristics of mitosis
Mitosis has many characteristics that distinguish it from other cell division processes, although it resembles the second stage of meiosis , which is type II Meiosis, it is not the same, to distinguish mitosis we have the following characteristics:
- It is produced only in somatic cells.
- It is a single cell division.
- Daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the mother, therefore, they are identical cells.
- The genetic loads and the information that daughter cells share is the same.
- Each process that opens in mitosis is preceded by what is called interface , which is in the area where genetic duplication occurs .
- Cells that go through this process can be diploid or haploid.
Function
The main objective of mitosis is to increase the growth of the organism, including its development and its ability to restore itself , in this way, these cells by duplicating help to keep the organism stable and in an optimal state.
Phases of mitosis
The following are the phases or stages of mitosis:
- Prophase.
- Metaphase.
- Anaphase.
- Telophase .
Explanation of the process
For this process of cell division to take place, there must be a series of processes that precede the division, this precedent is called interface , the cell duplicates its chromosomes when entering here , the process of duplication of the material and the genetic load opens , When this duplication is already completed, they will be able to procreate their children, giving way to what is cell division, which is divided into two fragments, the division of the nucleus called karyokinesis , in the same way the division of the cytoplasm that it is called cytokinesis . It occurs in several stages, the first of these beingcalled prophase, in this the genetic material that will become chromasomes will be found, after this the membrane dissolves and thus be able to expand what the genetic loads are.
After this, there is the metaphase, in which the chromosomes that were previously attached to the chromatic spindle are going to move to a middle area of the cell, which is determined by the equatorial plate, after this it is passed to the last stage of mitosis, such as telophase, the nuclear window is formed here , so that nothing can affect cells or organisms.
In what type of cells does mitosis occur
Mitosis appears mostly in somatic cells, and it does not have any inconvenience when choosing between diploid and haploid cells, as long as they are in good condition to achieve the process of cell division.
Importance
Although this process of cell division only occurs in asexual reproduction systems, it is extremely relevant , since thanks to it we can learn more about the mechanism of operation of plants, how to care for them and the way in which they communicate .
