Algebraic numbers

Within the set of real numbers we can find different types of numbers such as rational and irrational numbers, which in turn can be subdivided into others, among which we can mention the algebraic numbers that are the set of numbers that appear as a result of an algebraic equation . They cannot be expressed in fractions and can represent the real root of a polynomial of degree n. The use of these numbers can be observed in the processes of solving algebraic operations of polynomials and in formulas of quantum physics and factual sciences.

What are algebraic numbers

Algebraic numbers are any real root of a polynomial of degree n with integer coefficients . These can be the real numbers and the complex numbers .

Imaginary numbers are algebraic just like real numbers.

What are they for

They are used to solve algebraic operations such as polynomials of degree n.

It is important to remember that the algebraic equation is always a polynomial with real or complex coefficients that equal zero.

Algebraic numbers are widely used in sciences such as statistics, mathematics, physics , chemistry , astronomy and among others.

features

Among the characteristics of algebraic numbers we can mention the following:

• They are part of the set of irrational numbers and rational numbers .
• They can be imaginary numbers.
• They are all real and complex.
• The algebraic set of numbers is countable.
• Rational numbers are algebraic, but irrational numbers may not be.
• They are definable.
• They are accountants.
• They are of degree n if it is the root of an algebraic equation of degree n, but not of an algebraic equation of degree n-1.

History

The history of algebraic numbers begins with the Swiss mathematician and philosopher Leonhard Euler , who in 1748 raised the division between two types of irrational numbers, the transcendent and the algebraic .

Some years later, in 1844 , the French mathematician Joseph Liouville developed the first criterion to determine that a number is algebraic and transcendent . Then, between 1874 and 1895 , the theory of algebraic numbers was further expanded thanks to the studies carried out by the German mathematician Richard Derekind and the Russian Yegor Zolotariov .

According to many mathematicians, the basis for this theory of algebraic integers was created by the German mathematician Karl Gauss and was later developed and deepened by the mathematician Ernst Kummer .

How Algebraic Numbers Are Represented

Unlike other complex numbers, algebraic numbers do not have a letter to represent them . Despite not having a letter that represents this set of numbers, there is an element that does, and that is the polynomial . These polynomials can be of different degrees equal to zero.

Operations

Algebraic numbers, being the result of equations, can be used in different types of operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication or division in polynomials of degree n where they are present.

It is important to mention that the sum, difference, product or quotient of two algebraic numbers will always result in another algebraic number .

When a number αα that is not zero is the solution of an equation anxn + ⋯ + a1x + a0 = 0anxn + ⋯ + a1x + a0 = 0

Then the numbers −α − α and 1 / α1 / α are roots of the equations (−1) nanxn + ⋯ −a1x + a0 = 0 (−1) nanxn + ⋯ −a1x + a0 = 0 et a0xn + ⋯ + an − 1x + an = 0a0xn + ⋯ + an − 1x + an = 0

As a consequence of this, the opposite of an algebraic number that is not zero is an algebraic number . It can be shown that the sum and the product of two algebraic numbers are also algebraic numbers, but that this result is much more complex and is usually obtained through the theory of field extensions.

Examples of algebraic numbers

Here are some examples of algebraic numbers. These are:

• √2 = x ² -2 = 0
• X ³ – 5 = 0
• 8x ³ – 3 = 0
• 6x ² + 7x- √334 = 0
• 9x ² + √584 = 0
• √32 = x ^{2 + x} -3 = 0
• X ³ -17x = 0
• 95x ³ + (3x- 3) = 0
• √934x + 6x ² + 7x = 0
• (77x ² + x) -951 = 0